Laryngeal edema and laryngeal hypomotility can severely compromise a dog’s breathing; recognizing the symptoms and acting promptly is key.
An Emergency Case- Having a Silicone Stent Saves Lives
Before Placing the Silicone Stent
We have often discussed cases of laryngeal paralysis, tracheal collapse, brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS), and other respiratory emergencies in dogs. But what does a true respiratory emergency mean in these contexts?
Today, we bring you an impactful case shared by Dr. Bussadori from Italy.
It involves a brachycephalic dog that was rushed in with severe laryngeal edema, granulomas, and laryngeal hypomotility.
Join us as we explore how this complex case was managed and what lessons we can learn to better handle these situations.
What Are Laryngeal Edema and Laryngeal Hypomotility in Dogs?
Laryngeal edema and laryngeal hypomotility are two respiratory conditions that affect the dog's throat and larynx. The larynx plays a crucial role in controlling airflow into the lungs and protecting the airways during swallowing. Issues in this area can significantly impact breathing and the animal’s quality of life.
1. Laryngeal Edema in Dogs
Laryngeal edema is the swelling of the soft tissues of the larynx due to fluid accumulation, which causes airway narrowing and difficulty breathing.
Causes:
Allergies: Reactions to food, insect bites, or environmental triggers can cause laryngeal swelling.
Mechanical irritation: Trauma to the throat, such as from tight collars.
Respiratory infections: Bacterial or viral infections affecting the airways can lead to laryngeal inflammation.
Extreme heat: Heatstroke can cause swelling in the larynx, further complicating breathing.
Syntoms:
Difficulty breathing (dyspnea)
Dry cough or hoarse barking
Excessive drooling
Loud breathing noises (stridor)
Anxiety or restlessness
Treatment:
Anti-inflammatory medications to reduce swelling and open the airways.
Oxygen therapy in severe cases to assist breathing.
Stent placement: In emergency cases where the edema is severe and blocks the airways, a temporary stent may be placed to keep the airway open. This helps stabilize the dog and allows for reassessment once the swelling has subsided.
Silicone Stent Placement
Silicone Stent Placement
Avoiding triggers: If the edema is caused by allergies or irritants, removing them from the dog's environment is crucial.
Surgery: In extreme cases where there is a significant airway obstruction, surgical intervention may be necessary.
2. Laryngeal Hypomotility in Dogs
Laryngeal hypomotility refers to the reduced or impaired movement of the vocal cords. Normally, the vocal cords open to allow airflow during breathing. When hypomotility occurs, the vocal cords do not open sufficiently, restricting airflow.
Causes:
Laryngeal paralysis: The most common cause of laryngeal hypomotility, where the nerves controlling the vocal cords fail.
Advanced age: More common in older dogs, particularly large breeds like Labrador Retrievers.
Previous trauma or surgery: Injuries or surgeries in the throat area can damage the nerves controlling the vocal cords.
Neuromuscular disorders: Sometimes, this condition is associated with diseases affecting muscles or nerves in the body.
Syntoms:
Noisy breathing, especially when inhaling
Exercise intolerance
Hoarse voice or changes in barking
Cyanosis (bluish gums due to lack of oxygen)
Collapse in stressful or hot environments
Treatment:
tent placement: In emergencies, a temporary stent can help keep the airway open while long-term treatments are evaluated.
Weight management: Keeping the dog at a healthy weight can reduce symptom severity.
Activity management: Avoiding excessive exercise and high temperatures is key to preventing respiratory crises in dogs with laryngeal hypomotility.
Surgery (Unilateral Arytenoid Lateralization or "Tie-Back" Surgery): This is the most common treatment for laryngeal paralysis, repositioning one vocal cord so it remains open and improves airflow.
Conclusion
Both laryngeal edema and laryngeal hypomotility are serious conditions that affect a dog’s breathing. Recognizing the symptoms early and seeking immediate veterinary care is essential.
In emergency situations, such as severe laryngeal edema, placing a stent can be life-saving, ensuring the airways remain open while inflammation subsides.
With proper treatment, many dogs can continue living comfortable and happy lives. If your dog shows signs of difficulty breathing, voice changes, or exercise intolerance, don’t hesitate to consult your veterinarian for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.
Early intervention is key to improving the prognosis in these conditions. An Emergency Case – Having a Silicone Stent Saves Lives.
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